Image of Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Picture of Nurses - Essay Example From the overview results, it was very clear that people’s impression of attendants and nursing are very not the same as the perfect picture painted by nursing proficient establishments and the medical caretakers themselves. Out of the six people who reacted to the scaled down overview, two accepted that the picture of medical attendants and the nursing calling is contrary while the staying four people accepted that attendants and their calling are immaculate. A picture alludes to the psychological picture that speaks to something genuine. In the nursing calling, picture means the nurse’s proficient characteristics, just as the lead that speaks to the nurse’s ability (D'Antonio, 2010). Most of the example bunch accepted that medical caretakers enveloped exceptionally qualified people inside the nursing calling. What's more, medical caretakers give comprehensive medicinal services to gatherings and people and take on obligations and obligations in an independent w ay. Medical attendants give wellbeing administrations on all ranges of the human services plan, for example, the essential, optional and tertiary levels and take on key duties in training and keeping up the government assistance of the center gathering, for example patients. The example bunch likewise accepted that medical caretakers are autonomous experts who work inside a nursing group. In addition, attendants are profoundly dynamic individuals from clinical groups that give human services and care for the strength of patients (Polifko-Harris, 2007). Medical caretakers give far reaching care to people all things considered, financial status and social foundation based on the patient’s enthusiastic, physical, scholarly, mental, otherworldly and social needs. The example bunch additionally noticed that attendants are steadfast backers for the advancement of safe situations, inventive clinical examination, viable interest in deciding wellbeing strategy and in patient and socia l insurance framework the board and instruction. The smaller than normal review bunch affirmed that medical attendants gave fair-minded consideration to every single sick individual. This is with regards to the expert necessities. The nursing calling is a strong mix of innovation, sociology, physical science and nursing hypothesis in thinking about patients. The gathering likewise contended that the nursing calling gave away from to manage the direct and practice of medical caretakers while sticking to proficient standards and principles. The establishment of the nursing calling is the arrangement of great social insurance, correspondence, instruction, support and upkeep of positive and fair demeanor when managing patients. When addressed on the contrast between Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs), the example bunch recognized that a key distinction lies in their scholarly capabilities. A RN is a medical attendant who moved on from a four-year nursing progra m. RNs hold a Bachelor of Science certificate or have a two-year nursing program with an Associate’s Degree. A LPN is one who has graduated in the wake of experiencing a one-year pragmatic nursing program. RNs, in this manner, have higher instructive capabilities than LPNs. In that capacity, RNs have more prominent information on clinical practice, conveyance frameworks, research use, asset the board, physiology and pharmacology (Polifko-Harris, 2007). As to their obligations, RNs have a larger number of duties than LPNs. In some occasion, RNs administer LPNs since RNs can settle on autonomous choices, while LPNs can't. In addition, RNs address a larger number of issues than LPNs. LPNs have a large number of

Personality at Selection Interview

Task †Personality can be characterized as those moderately steady suffering parts of a person that recognize him/her from others and simultaneously structure a reason for our expectations concerning his/her future conduct. (Wright et al refered to in Rollinson 2005) This definition speaks to the view that it is conceivable to recognize a people steady and perpetual character and attributes, and that if the qualities are distinguished they can be utilized to anticipate the people future conduct. Associations vary significantly in their societies and worthy practices which implies that a few people normally fit in superior to other people. (Rollinson 2005:85) Job jobs themselves likewise contrast as far as the reasonableness of an individual’s character in being fruitful in that activity job. Consequently in deciding the significance of character at choice meeting we have to figure out what both the job and the association require. (Rollinson 2005:85) In the workplace the â€Å"fit† of an individual must be directly regarding aptitudes and experience just as qualities and requirements. Holbeche: 2002). Individual association fit alludes to the degree to which people and associations share comparable attributes (characters) or meet every others needs. The evaluation of character is completed to decide alluring or un-attractive characteristics of contender to survey their appropriateness for a job or potentially association (Arthur:2005) Getting this privilege can prompt occupation fulfillment and authoritative responsibility. (Kristoff:2000) When a business is enrolling the mental agreement has some significance. The mental agreement suggests a progression of common desires and fulfillment needs emerging from the P-O relationship (Mullins:2010) P-O fit is probably going to be a higher priority than P-J fit in fulfilling the mental agreement (Morley:2007) in that workers will be required to adjust to changes in undertakings and increase new abilities. It is contended that more prominent accentuation ought to be set on the P-O fit instead of the more conventional technique for P-J fit in light of the fact that initially people will hold a few jobs inside an association thusly their P-O is a higher priority than the perhaps less lexible P-J fit, they will hold the associations esteems and culture nearer and will have longer assistance in this manner bringing down enrollment costs. (Ree and Earles 1992) Secondly the changing idea of work expects people to be better at cooperation and increasingly adaptable. I accept that when enlisting graduates P-O fit is increasingly significant instead of P-J fit. Graduates are enrolled to give associations a potential pool of future chiefs and upgrade progression prospects. Morley:2007) Graduates have little involvement with the workplace so are less ready to interpret their aptitudes, capabilities and experience into the working scene. On the off chance that a business has an away from of their associations culture, characters of different representatives and can precisely decide the characters and convictions of the alumni they can put together their choice with respect to the alumni energy, inspiration and excitement to work as opposed to aptitudes, capabilities and experience. In an examination by Wheeler et al (refered to in Rollinson 2005) it was secured that position fulfillment could be expanded by expanding P-O fit, that is enrolling workers with comparative qualities to the association. In any case, Wheeler likewise found that despite the fact that an evil fitting individual brought about employment disappointment, they would not leave the association except if appropriate elective work introduced itself. This could prompt them being de-roused, having lackluster showing and effect on associations with partners. This shows the significance of getting character directly at choice meeting. Individual employment (P-J) fit alludes to the relationship between's the individual’s aptitudes, capabilities and involvement in the necessities of an occupation. (Edwards:1991) and is a customary technique for representative determination (Werbell and Gilliland:1999) P-J fit is most generally decided through verification of a people abilities, capabilities and experience through declarations and references and addressing around their insight on a theme. I have by and by heard associates question the significance of character on certain jobs, for example, bookkeepers which would at first strike you as being weighted vigorously on their abilities, experience and capabilities anyway how well would a bookkeeper perform on the off chance that they didn't have the character characteristics to discuss adequately with partners and clients? Varying jobs do likewise require various characters so as to be effective independent of the association. Receptionists, sales rep or client care agent require the capacity to adapt to pressure and manage people with varying needs. Gatewood et al:2005) In considering the significance of character in choice meeting it is reasonable to consider how steady and perpetual a person’s character is. Is it true that we are seeing a present preview of the people character or will it change additional time? Rollinson (2005) composes that if character is a continuous creating process it would be practically di fficult to create legitimate approaches to gauge it and would be trivial in endeavoring to anticipate future conduct. Idiographic, one of the two significant speculations on character, centers around character creating and changing because of continuous encounters. Be that as it may, Costa and McCrae (1992) composed that character is moderately steady after the age of 30 hence utilizing character in settling on choice choices would be conceivable because of the security of character. Taking a gander at Nomotheic hypothesis, the other of the two significant speculations of character, which accept character is steady and un-transforming, it was noticed that there are 5 unmistakable contrasts between individuals known as the Big Five and frequently alluded to as OCEAN. These are: †¢ Openness (discerning, modern, learned, refined, imaginative, inquisitive, logical, liberal qualities) †¢ Conscientiousness (down to earth, mindful, genuine, solid, sorted out, cautious, trustworthy, dedicated, yearning characteristics) †¢ Extraversion (amiable, chatty, dynamic, unconstrained, courageous, individual orientated, decisive attributes) †¢ Agreeableness (warm, trustful, obliging, pleasant, helpful qualities) †¢ Neuroticism (enthusiastic, restless, burdensome, reluctant, stressing characteristics) The Big Five can be part into type hypothesis and quality hypothesis. Mullins refers to Hans Eyesneck work in which he distinguished four principle character types. These are steady extraverts,(talkative, responsive, nice, enthusiastic joyful) precarious extraverts,(impulsive, variable, sensitive, fretful) stable self observers (quiet, calm, tranquil, attentive) and shaky contemplative people. (on edge, ill humored, held, critical) Mullins composes that on the off chance that supervisors can foresee future practices through an individual’s character type, at that point it isn't astonishing that psychometric tests to gauge character are developing in prominence. Characteristic hypothesis is then separated again into surface attributes (those which are perceptible) and source qualities (which must be induced) In principle surface qualities could be seen through appraisal habitats. Mullins composes that the Big Five structure the premise of standard character polls and of these five good faith has the most noteworthy connection with significant levels of employment information and execution over a scope of occupations. Along these lines, as per this, it is useful to an association to decide candidate’s character so as to enroll a person who has a decent score in good faith. Be that as it may, Maltby et al (2010) composes that if we somehow managed to utilize the honest individual with their pragmatic, mindful, genuine, solid, sorted out, cautious, reliable, persevering and goal-oriented qualities, would they be appropriate for a job requiring development and inventiveness and would they say they are adaptable and versatile to adapt to the quickly changing universe of work? He addresses the appropriateness of scruples over all employment jobs. In considering the effect of character on our relationship at work with partners I accept that passionate knowledge has a solid connection with adjusting character to fruitful execution and connections at work. Passionate Intelligence is characterized as a person’s capacity to oversee themselves just as their relationship with others so they can live their goals (Adele:2008:7) and can be separated into five explicit zones. These are Self mindfulness, sympathy, social expertness, individual impact and dominance of direction and vision. Every one of these regions could affect our associations with partners. Mindfulness is a comprehension of how our practices or words influence others. On the off chance that we have mindfulness we can put forth a concentrated effort control to change our activities should they negatively affect partners. A mindful individual would know when their state of mind is affecting on others and modify it likewise. Mindfulness is a territory searched for in the enthusiastic knowledge of salesmen and meeting addressing based around the effect of past understanding of their positive and negative effects on colleagues would be valuable in recognizing this region. (Adele 2008:17) Empathy is a comprehension of others emotions and viewpoint and the capacity to encounter what another person is feeling in this way giving a superior comprehension of our partners. It is the capacity to deferentially listen as opposed to tuning in to disprove or construct our own case. A client care agent who relates to a furious client instead of simply requesting their record number will better diffuse an unpredictable circumstance. (Adele 2008:54) Marshall Goldsmith (â€Å"The world expert in helping effective pioneers get even better†) portrayed not l

Emperor Shihuangdi vs Emperor Hadrian free essay sample

Both Roman and Chinese individuals complied with their rulers yet for various reasons. This helped the rulers to keep control since individuals would tune in to their orders and would not betray them. Hadrian was a regarded Emperor who cherished his subjects. He finished disagreeable wars; presented others conscious laws and shielded slaves from their lords. He made a trip around his domain to be with his kin, to observe issues looked by them. Actually, Shi Huangdi was an amazingly merciless individual, and was dreaded by the individuals. He had confidence in Legalism, the faith in exacting laws and disciplines. So as to make the Great Wall of China, he sent a huge number of individuals to chip away at it and a considerable lot of them died in the cruel conditions and treatment while building the divider. An effective armed force was significant in helping the Emperors to control their realms. During Hadrian’s rule, the Roman armed force was the most impressive power in the old world. We will compose a custom paper test on Ruler Shihuangdi versus Emperor Hadrian or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He acquired the military from Trajan, the incredible winner. There were 30 armies with 6,000 men each. Aside from the incredible numbers, the Roman legionaries and assistants were well prepared and prepared. The Roman armed force had encountered wars with rival lords, for example, Hannibal and Mithradates. The Romans additionally had the Germans and Celts toward the north of their fringes in Germany, Scotland and the Middle East. The Qin additionally had an enormous, effective armed force and fit officers. The military utilized the most developed weaponry of his time. Their weapons were made of iron, while the other autonomous states utilized bronze ones. They vanquished amazing Nomads called Huns, who continually attacked its fringes. Undoubtedly, I think the Roman armed force and the Qin’s armed force were both successful in helping the realms to be controlled. Stronghold of the outskirts was one of the significant errands for a ruler. Both Hadrian and Shi Huangdi made a decent attempt in reinforcing the fringes of their realms. The Romans vanquished England and Wales however couldn't enter into Scotland in view of sloping landscape and thick timberlands. In AD 122, Emperor Hadrian visited Britain and requested to manufacture a divider the Hadrian’s Wall to isolate Romans from Picts and Scots. This likewise assisted with limiting the risk to the Roman space. Likewise, Shi Huangdi joined and reinforced the divider worked by medieval masters, with the assistance of 7,000 individuals. The well known Great Wall of China was 5,000 km long and around 39 feet high, and was worked to keep out the Huns and different clans in Mongolia. Campfires were utilized to caution troopers of different pieces of the divider on the off chance that one section was abruptly assaulted. Watchtowers were likewise developed to watch the developments of individuals all through the divider. As I would like to think, the Great divider was much increasingly valuable in controlling the empire’s fringe since it was higher and more. Adversaries couldn't undoubtedly break in the barriers. What's more, there were significantly a bigger number of troopers positioned in the Great divider than in Hadrian’s Wall. An effective vehicle organize permitted the rulers to get to their domains effectively and was in this way essential for the security of the realms. The two Emperors have improved the vehicle system of their realms. The Romans were the principal individuals to construct streets. Their streets were high so in the event that it came down, a large portion of the water would run at the edges, not onto the street. The streets empowered warriors to move rapidly to regions of difficulty, and to monitor the defiant brutes. During the rule of Shi Huangdi, he fabricated 6,800 km of new streets, including 5 significant streets called ‘Speedways’ connecting the north, upper east, east and southeast of the realm. The new streets were wide and of a similar width, permitting 6 ponies to sit back. This helped the military to move much snappier to revolting regions. What's more, Shi Huangdi additionally fabricated channels to interface the significant waterways together, permitting individuals to ship products all the more productively. The two Emperors were gifted and embraced a great deal of changes to help them in keeping control of their realms. For instance, Hadrian presented regulatory, budgetary, and legitimate changes, which helped built up a progressively proficient government. With respect to Shi Huangdi, he nullified feudalism, and set up a brought together government. He likewise presented a uniform code of law, normalized money, loads and measures, the composed language and the pivot length of wagons and chariots. To close, both Hadrian and Shi Huangdi controlled their domains well. Notwithstanding, as I would like to think, Emperor Hadrian was a superior ruler. For instance, he finished the expansionist arrangement of Trajan, and united his domain. Hadrian likewise voyaged all over his domain and tuned in to what individuals needed. He was regarded by his kin much after his demise. Conversely, despite the fact that individuals obeyed Shi Huangdi, he was not regarded in light of the fact that he utilized cruel disciplines to undermine his kin. In the event that somebody accomplished something incorrectly, he constrained them to drink poison, or requested them to be destroyed by four ponies. Shi Huangdi utilized dread to clutch his capacity.

Home Exercise Program on Children Diagnosed with Autism - Free Essay Example

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Exercise has been well-known to have a wide variety of benefits. It strengthens muscles and bones, improves physical and mental health, controls weight, and much more. One of the other countless positive impacts is decreasing stereotypical behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Toscano et al. (11) defines ASD as a neurodevelopmental disability, characterized by deficits in social and emotional reciprocity, and by the presence of repetitive, restricted and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests (p. 127). Individuals with ASD, particularly children, have difficulty controlling their behaviors. Unfortunately, sometimes they can get out of control in which the behaviors cause harm, physically and mentally, to their family, teachers, or peers. Thus, exercise can serve as an important tool to aid these children with ASD to diminish or control their behaviors. Impact of Exercise on Children with ASD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our society, we have turned our back on this population. We have not provided them the necessary resources to improve their lives. Haegele, Zhu, and Kirk (5) completed a study on the physical fitness of children with visual impairments and children with both ASD and visual impairments. As expected, none of the 12 participants met the exercise recommendations by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, who suggests at least an hour of moderate-to-vigorous activity every day for children 6 to 17 years old (13). Thus, children with disabilities, including those diagnosed with ASD, are not getting the proper exercise needed for a healthy life. Ratcliff, Hong, and Hilton (9) discovered the split in activity levels among children with ASD and their neurotypical companions. As both groups of children increase in age, the gap expands. The researchers stated that physical activity intervention is essential, taking into mind that the earlier in age it i s started, the better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Levinson and Reid (7) examined the impact of exercise on children with autism, specifically their behavioral tendencies. The researchers believed that exercise is an appropriate activity to reduce stereotypical behaviors, or repetitive nonfunctional behavior, in these children. The participants included 2 male children and 1 female child, all aged 11 years old. The two conditions that the subjects were tested with differed based on intensity: walking versus running. The measures recorded were heart rate and the length of distance accomplished in 15 minutes. The study was interested in how the different intensities would affect the number of stereotypical behaviors. The experiment lasted for a total of 9 weeks, divided into three phases. The first phase established the baseline, consisting of three observations over 2 weeks. In the second phase, the subjects underwent the experiment, in which they went through a pre-exercise observation session (45 minutes), mild or vigorous exercise session (15 minutes), post-exercise observation session (45 minutes), and 90-minute post-exercise observation session (30 minutes). Depending on the subjects behavioral tendencies, the researchers applied either the mild or vigorous exercise program. This study discovered that the running phase of the experiment, also known as the higher intensity condition, produced a decrease in stereotypical behaviors for a couple of hours afterwards, whereas the walking condition did not see a decrease in these behaviors at all. Thus, the researchers concluded that a higher intensity of exercise will promote a greater reduction in stereotypical behavior. These results make sense , as children with autism who are fatigued will be less likely to carry out their verbal and motor behaviors, as their body is too tired to perform more movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elliott, Dobbin, Rose, and Soper (3) realized the benefit of strenuous, aerobic exercise on behavioral tendencies for individuals with disabilities. A small participant group of 6 adults with ASD was constructed. The control condition involved observation of behaviors in a leisure environment for 30 minutes. Then, the participants either did not exercise, performed moderate exercise, or strenuous, aerobic exercise. The control group engaged in activities that possessed minimal risk of increasing the subjects heart rate. Moderate exercise was operationalized as activities that increased the subjects heart rates to numbers between 90 and 120 beats per minute after 20 minutes of the performed activity. Vigorous, aerobic exercise was affirmed if the activities caused the subjects heart rates to be higher than 130 beats per minute after 20 minutes of the performed activity. At the end of each experimental condition, the participants were again observed of behaviors for 30 minutes in the same environment. Subjects experienced five sessions of each condition Subsequently, the researchers discovered that the strenuous, aerobic exercise reflected the greatest improvement on the participants behaviors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior. If parents or guardians are able to implement interventions before the child can react inappropriately to a trigger, there is a chance it can decrease or diminish the potential challenging behavior. A prominent location to achieve a successful intervention is in the school setting. Children are in school for about 8 hours each day, so they are susceptible to experience a challenging behavior at some point during the day. Understandably, any type of behavior can be disrupting to the classroom. Thus, it is important for teachers to be trained on how to lessen a childs behaviors with antecedent interventions in order to most effectively fulfill that childs learning needs. An excellent antecedent intervention strategy is exercise. Cannella-Malone, Tullis, and Kazee (2) saw that after implementing 8 exercise sessions throughout the day, behaviors, particularly difficult ones, decreased dramatically. The 8 exercise sessions were split into 2 20-minute exercise routines and 6 short exercise breaks. The 20-minute exercise routine occurred at the beginning of the school day and directly after lunch period. Activities during this session including jumping, stretching, and jogging movements. The remaining exercise sessions consisted of 1-5 minute exercise breaks at each hour of the school day. These breaks would happen at whichever subject the students were in attendance. A few examples of the exercises that took place during these breaks are jumping jacks, sit-ups, crab walk, and knee raises. The conclusions from this exercise schedule exhibited beneficial impacts on the childrens behaviors. Therefore, it depends on the individual and what exercise fits their needs, but there are multiple interventions of activity that can aid children with ASD in reducing their behavioral tendencies. A few fun or effective methods include exergaming, aquatic exercise, and structured physical activity programs and will be discussed below. Exergaming Anderson-Hanley, Tureck and Schneiderman (1) considered the use of exergaming to diminish repeated behaviors of individuals with ASD. They found that exergaming is fun and enjoyable for all children, but even better for children with ASD as their physical activity levels and attention levels are statistically low compared to their neurotypical peers (8). The study was able to recruit 12 students diagnosed with ASD. The control period involved the subjects to interact with a 20-minute video, along with 5 minutes of recording before and after the video to record them playing, to track executive functions. The following week, the same participants were acquainted with the Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) game system, and interacted with it for 20 minutes. There was no indication of a set level of intensity for the children to exercise at. Afterwards, their actions of play were recorded for 5 minutes. Another subject pool was used, involving 10 children with ASD. For this group, they exercised for 20 minutes on a stationary bike, but with an interactive game on the screen. No level of intensity was described in the study. Again, 5-minute periods of activity were recorded before and after the main exergaming activity. The results illustrated the benefit of the DDR gaming system and cycling video game, for the childrens behavior in the experiment session were significantly reduced compared to the control session. Thus, exergaming is a different, incredible method of implementing exercise for children with ASD. Not only is it beneficial to decrease their challenging behaviors, such as repetiti ve behaviors, but it also provides them with an activity that is fun and enjoyable to interact with. Aquatic Exercise   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shams-Elden (10) delved into the impact of exercises in a pool environment, and their effect on children with ASD. He acquired a final group of 10 children with ASD to participate in his study. The subjects went through an exercise program in the pool for 3 days per week, for 10 weeks. In the end, the data demonstrated the profound benefit of an aquatic exercise program for children with autism on their motor abilities. In the various tests conducted, the children improved their physical skill set and abilities. Their motor skills were enhanced, which consequently reduced their number of behaviors. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the negative relationship between the childrens physical abilities, or their independence, and their likelihood to engage in a challenging behavior to themselves or others. Therefore, water has an amazing effect on these individuals, decreasing body weight that relieves pressure off their joints, which in turn relaxes their body physically and mentally, resulting in decreased behavioral tendencies, such as aggression or self-injury. The childrens psychological and physical abilities are improved, which aid in the improvement of their disability. Structured Physical Activity Programs A study completed by Zhao and Chen (14), investigated the impact of exercise on the social skills of children with ASD. A control group and experimental group of 25 children with ASD each were used in this experiment. Over a course of 12 weeks, the experimental group experienced exercise sessions   twice a week, one hour each session. The program targeted interacting with the other children in their group, such as high-fiving one another, playing catch with a partner, or talking to their companions. With the purpose of fostering communication and social skills in each child, each session consisted of a warm-up, small group activities, large group activities, and a cool-down. These sessions were consistent in content, instructor, and group assignment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structured physical activity program and to improve the childrens social capability, as measured by the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills- Revised, the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales, the Parent Semistructured Interview Guide, and the Volunteer Open-ended Questionnaires. For the control group, the subjects participated solely in their normal physical activity routine over the course of the study. The study conducted three checkpoints to track the progress of the physical activity program. The first occurred one week prior to the start of the program, the second occurred midway through the study, and the last occurred one week after the conclusion of the 12-week program. Unsurprisingly, the researchers goals were successful, for their experimental group participants demonstrated that a carefully constructed physical activity program will aid in their advancement of interpersonal abilities. In other words, stimulat ing the child to increase their level of comfort of communicating with their fellow peers and authority figures (parents or teachers). Another study was administered by Tse, Pang, and Lee (12). Researchers recruited participants from 3 nearby schools. The participants including children in the special education program who were diagnosed with ASD. Additional requirements to continue as a participant for the child were to be 9-12 years old, non-verbal IQ over a score of 40, ability to listen to instructions, 6 months of physical inactivity, and proof of motor stereotypies by a physician. This study was intended to indicate the effect of different exercises on stereotypic behavior, which was defined as a recurring physical or oral action. Based on the criteria, the researchers were able to select 22 boys and 8 girls. Collection of stereotypic behavior data of the children was measured a day before the first session and a day following the final period of each condition. After observing the 30 children with ASD and their stereotypic behavior, they were placed in two situations. The first situation served as the control to compare with the experimental condition, where the children were read a story by a staff member. During this time, their stereotypic behavior was recorded and rated based on a Likert scale. This scale started at (0) for never observed and ended at (3) for frequently observed.   One month later, the children underwent the experimental situation in which they tapped a ball for 15 minutes, followed by stretching for 5 minutes. As with the control situation, their stereotypic behavior was recorded and rated on a Likert scale. A fascinating result denoted that an exercise similar in mechanics as the stereotypic behavior, significantly decreased the numbers of that behavior. For example, the ball tapping exercise was more effective than the story-telling activity in decreasing the frequency of hand-flapping in children with ASD who conduct with this stereotypical behavior. This being known, any field related to working with children with ASD can implement similar exercises to the known stereotypy, so that it is directed to decrease their behavior. As a result, it will progressively aid the child in their overall health and social capability. Home Exercise Program Every parent/caregiver wants to the best for their child. When supporting a child with a disability, the best approach for the parent/caretaker is to provide as many available opportunities as possible to advance their development. When the parent/caretaker acquires a higher involvement in their childs progress toward greater abilities, the child demonstrates positive results. With improved competence, the child might be more likely to engage in more social activities, participate in extracurricular activities, or improve school performance. Caring for a child with a disability, both physically and mentally, is stressful and burdensome, and time-consuming. A lot of energy is required to assist the child in their daily needs, appointments, and activities. The more severe the disability, the greater need of investment. Jeevannavar, Madinkar, and Jeevannavar (6) illustrate the positive relationship between parental/caretaker involvement in a home exercise program and the future outcomes for their child with a developmental delay. Both the parent/caretaker and the child benefit from the program by lowering the parents/caretakers stress levels and encouraging abilities in the child. The researchers in this study performed a cross sectional study. They recruited 81 parents/caretakers who engaged in a home exercise therapy program for their child diagnosed with a developmental delay and aged between 3 months to 16 years. The parents/caretakers completed two questionnaires, one that evaluated their stress levels and another that assessed their level of compliance with the home therapy program. Statistical analyses of the questionnaires indicated a negative relationship between the level of stress and the level of compliance. In other words, the higher the level of the parents/caretakers stress, the lower the level of compliance with the home exercise physical therapy program. Thus, if a parent/caretaker is more involved and cooperative in the prescribed home exercise physical therapy program for their child with a developmental delay, they are less likely to experience high levels of stress. As a result, the parents/caretakers are more capable to take care of thems elves and their child, while also promoting the best future and possibilities for their child. Summary of Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, children with ASD are struggling. Outsiders may see a child with ASD having a behavior as misbehaving, when that child may be frustrated or have a sensory need. This population is being overlooked. They are not receiving the proper help they need to attain their best lives. A step in doing so to reach that goal is helping them with their social and physical health. Huge disparities between children with ASD and their neurotypical peers are the abilities to communicate and be physically and mentally healthy. An important method to narrow the gap is to implement exercise programs for children with ASD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These studies have demonstrated that with the correct measures, children with ASD will gain multiple and various benefits. Their health will be improved, their ability to communicate with their family and friends will increase, and their behavioral tendencies will decrease. Excellent approaches that will create a fun and efficient environment for children with ASD, but also resulting in decrease in stereotypical behaviors, consist of exergaming, aquatic exercise, and structured physical activity programs. Exergaming allows the children to exercise, but not having them realize it. They receive all the benefits of exercise, but their mind is focusing on completing a mission or winning a race. Kids love to play video games, but this activity has a twist on it. It makes them physically and mentally work to complete the game, allowing their body and mind be put to work. In some games, the children need to work together to win, thus improving their social skills. With aquatic exercise, the soothing feel of the water calms down children with ASD. An added benefit is that the water alleviates the pressure off the childrens joints, permitting them to roam freely in the water and not worry about pain or discomfort. Also, the pool environment provides an opportunity for the children to either swim and play with others, or swim independently until they are ready to interact with others. Structured physical activity programs provide individualized and focused plans for children with ASD, targeting what they need and how to accomplish that goal. As time progresses, the children can acquire more skills and work better with others. In the future, research needs to develop a general exercise program that parents or caretakers can conduct at home for their child with ASD. Most of these studies were completed with professionals in a controlled setting. Children with ASD engage in behaviors throughout the day, not always at school or their day program. It would helpful for those not professionally trained to be equipped with basic exercises that will aid them in diminishing their childs stereotypical behaviors. Not only will the program benefit the child, but also the parent/caretaker in dealing with the stresses of caring for their everyday needs.

Essay about The Benefits of Community Service - 2460 Words

Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile. -- Albert Einstein Volunteering personal time to a cause, service, or other person can be very rewarding for various reasons, and in various ways. These reasons can be specific to the volunteer task, whether the person was recruited for the work or if they found it themselves, life stage of the volunteer, or even the motivation behind donating time. Although research has proved that volunteering affects each individual differently, it has also proved that the affects are typically positive. Within the research done on how volunteerism affects well-being a few major themes emerge: motivations behind volunteering, the affects of volunteerism on the volunteer, and duration and†¦show more content†¦Along these same lines, there is the social capital, which is a persons social network, which provides people with trust and information that can be useful in the perspective volunteers search for work and gives the place of volunteering the benefit of that same knowledge. The social capital theor y says that we will do something if other people in our social networks are doing it and that is why those with greater social capital are more likely to volunteer than social isolates. People may begin volunteering because they are in need of a social network, or because their current friends are all volunteering and they want to be recognized as a member within their group. Marital and employment status also affects motivation and reasoning behind volunteerism. â€Å"Married people are more likely to volunteer than single people, although single people without children volunteer the most hours.† (Wilson, 2000) Research proves that if one spouse volunteers, the other is much more likely to volunteer as well. Research has also shown that as the husbands volunteer hours increase, the wives will also increase, but as the wives increase the husbands decrease. The catch within the marital status motivation is that, young married couples may be less likely to volunteer because they must do more paid work to establish themselves. It would stand to reason that if a couple is married andShow MoreRelated The Benefits of Community Service Essay2059 Words   |  9 Pageshours of volunteer service were reported† in the United States (Hoffman 418). For such an outstanding amount of time, only 26.7% of the population reported volunteer hours (Hoffma n 418-9). Philanthropy, a desire to improve the material, social, and spiritual welfare of humanity, especially through charitable activities, is dependent on the altruistic values of the American society. Philanthropy is a general love for all of humanity that manifests itself in the form of community service. Altruism isRead MoreThe Benefits Of Caregiver Information And Services In The Community1058 Words   |  5 Pagesdesigned to give caregivers a break, financial assistance programs which benefit caregivers, education and training programs, and support groups for caregivers. For caregivers who are separated from their loved one, for any reason, Senior Resources of Guilford has access to a program founded by the U.S. Administration on Aging called the Elder Care Locator. This program allows them to find caregiver information and services throughout the country. For those who do not have direct access to theseRead MorePersuasive Essay : The Benefits Of Community Service And The Success Of Service1605 Words   |  7 Pagesproclaimed, â€Å"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.† Serving others, more commonly known as volunteering, means to freely offer to do something out of the kindness of one’s heart. From helping serve at a local food shelter to going on a mission trip to Costa Rica, there are a variety of serving opportunities around every corner. For centuries, service has shown its importance through a plethora of benefits to both the individual and the world. Individuals who dedicateRead MoreIntroduction Community service is any work done for free for the benefit of a community or its1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Community service is any work done for free for the benefit of a community or its institutions. It is not the same as volunteering as sometimes it is done unwillingly. There are many reasons as to why people do community service. Some people, like those in the military, do it because it is required of them by the government as part of the citizenship requirement. Others do it because it is court mandated as part of punishment for a criminal offence. Others do it because the school curriculumRead MoreBenefits Of The Joint Community, Services, Defense, And Coalition Partners761 Words   |  4 PagesBenefits to the Joint Community, Services, Defense/Federal Agencies, and Coalition Partners In a fiscally constrained operating environment and a reduced footprint overseas, the Department of Defense is consistently looking for ways to mitigate challenges associated with rapid global projection. By having multiple means to deliver sustainment to the warfighter, the JMMLV will prevent a single point of failure. The JMMLVs design providesRead MoreCommunity Service: The Benefits Volunteering: The great experience no one can afford to lose.900 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Service: The Benefits Volunteering: The great experience no one can afford to lose. Opposers say, mandatory community service can have several negative effects on students. â€Å"Community service hours are impressive additions to college applications and can provide a student with a great sense of accomplishment; however, the mandatory hours will have many negative consequences† (Cydney Hayes, 2012). Many students are barely even passing the regular school curriculum, and opposers believeRead MoreCommunity Benefit Analysis on Federal Tax-Exemption for Charitable Organizations1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthat would otherwise have to be supported by public funds. Nonprofit hospitals are able to qualify for federal tax-exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has recognized the promotion of health for the benefit of the community, where medical assistance is afforded to the poor or where medical research is promoted, as a charitable purp ose. (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2008) Thus, not all hospitals are considered charitableRead MoreEssay On Community Service Hours1557 Words   |  7 Pagesschool students have to complete community service hours to graduate? Goal or Thesis 2007, WA high schools to make community service compulsory The Western Australian Government is introducing a compulsory program which will force all high school students to complete community service work in order to graduate. The program will require students in years 10, 11 and 12 to do at least 20 hours of community service. 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By participating in service learning programs, students learn how toRead MoreHow to Better a Community; Step One: College Students1711 Words   |  7 PagesJacob Schekman Julio Leal English 1A 6 July 2009 How to Better a Community; Step One: College Students â€Å"I went to a large state school – the University of Illinois – and during my time there, I became one of the best two or three foosball players in the Land of Lincoln. I learned to pass deftly between my rigid players, to play the corners, to strike the ball like a cobra would strike something a cobra would want to strike. I also mastered the dart game called Cricket, and the billiards

Organizational Culture And Human Resource Management

Research by Newman Nollen (1996) indicated that organization performance is better in the companies which there is congruency between national culture and human resources practices. If the human resources management practices are not in line with the basic tenets shared by employees, it will lead to dissatisfaction, lack of commitment and discomfort among the employees (Early, 1994). Introduction Culture affects and governs all facets of life by influencing values, attitudes and behavior of a society, while organizational culture relates to the unique modes of carrying out their activities (Dartey-Baah, 2013). Furthermore, the nature of organizational culture is largely influenced by the cultural orientation of the individual forming†¦show more content†¦Under the high hierarchical company structure in china (which scores 80 in Hofestede’s index), the manager is more likely to hold the value that he has more power and rights, thus, more priorities than his subordinates. so the managers have more rights to be assigned overseas to gain experiences and knowledge. Conversely, in a small power distance culture like US (index 31 in Hofestede’s culture dimension), power is rather equally distributed among the members and employees. For oversea assignment in US, all suitable candidates are equally considered and carefully selected by employers. Detailed expatri ate policy is also provided to guide and govern the assignment (jian wangye; Kopp, 1994). Long-term orientation Apart from the high power structure, the other distinction of Chinese companies is interpersonal (guanxi) networks within the organization (managing the human resource in Chinese-western joint). Guanxi is adopted from the Chinese language of â€Å"relationship† having good guanxi is synonymous with positive functioning in society (Tsui Lau, 2002). In China, employees may be invited for dinner together when they first meet, in the middle of a project and when the project is finished. They build up relationships at work and to personalize the guanxi keep the relationship deep and long, so in the future, they could get possible help from each other if there is any difficulty in both work and personal life. SimilarShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Human Resource Management Essay2510 Words   |  11 Pagesdiscuss the concept of organizational culture, the internal and external factors and its relation to human resource management. 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Define organizational behavior (OB) and explain its roots - a field of study that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behavior, both individual and collective, in the organizational context - includes 3 levels ï  ® individual: employee motivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcingRead MoreOrganizational Development : Transformational Change1347 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking drastic changes in the way an organization generates revenue, makes profit from operating and changes in culture and often management. Performance and accountability are observable behaviors and actions which explain how the job is to be done, plus expected results for satisfactory job performance. 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Private Military Companies Mere War Profiteers free essay sample

This war has been privatized more than any other war in history†¦ forty cents of every dollar Congress controls goes to private contractors. †1 In Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers Robert Greenwald shows how private companies have made millions of the Iraq War performing duties that used to be done by the government. In that same documentary, private military companies are portrayed as greedy, profit-seeking organisations, who will do anything to maximize their profits. If a company is primarily concerned with profits, might they skim on their mission, might they offer cheaper services when possible? According to director Robert Greenwald the answer is yes. In their turn the private military companies and their supporters often claim that they are more nimble and cost-effective than the government (Isenberg 2009: 29), and therefore the right person to do the job. This paper will deal with three issues regarding private military companies in general and more specific in Iraq. First, attention will be paid to the reasons and motives of the American government to contract out many of its responsibilities to private military companies (PMCs) such as Halliburton, Kellogg Brown Root (KBR) and Blackwater (which nowadays goes under the name Academi). Second, this paper will address the challenges transparency as a public value faces in the light of outsourcing activities to PMCs. Finally attention will be paid to the question whether Greenwald is right in his claim that PMCs are in fact War Profiteers who are only looking for profit, or that contracting out military services is in fact a cost-effective alternative in a time where the national military of the US is downsized. American use of PMCs: military outsourcing in Iraq This section will describe the motives of the American government to outsource a large portion of its military in the Iraq War. This outsourcing is the result of three issues (O’Keefe 2009:1) a limited military capacity to unilaterally invade and occupy Iraq, sensitivity of public opinion and the need of specific technically skilled individuals. Limited military capacity One of the motives for employing PMCs in Iraq is the fact that the American military capacity is limited. One reason for this limited capacity is the military downsizing following the end of the Cold War (O’Keefe 2009: 3). In the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall, nearly 700. 000 American troops were no longer needed and became unemployed. This decline in troops greatly reduced American capabilities (Ballard 2005: 5). To this point, Andre Bearpark, the 2003 Coalition Provisional Authority’s (CPA) direct of operation says, â€Å"the military just hadn’t provided enough numbers [for the Iraq War]. It was stretched to the limit. †(Bergner 2005: 32). This argument is also set forward in the 1 Derived from the documentary â€Å"Iraq for Sale. The War Profiteers† (2006) directed by Robert Greenwald first minute of Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers, where the voice-over states that â€Å"there isn’t enough military infrastructure [ and PMCs fill the gap†. In other words, the reduced capacity of the national armed forces provides the private sector with the opportunity to fill the gap. PMCs might be filling a gap, but the use of PMCs is also convenient for the US government, they allow – in this case the Bush administration – to mount a military campaign by looking towards the private sector for support. Perlak, a judge advocate with the US Marine Corps, stated in a 2000 article in the Military Law Review that privatized forces function as an civilian contractors function as an â€Å"effective force multiplier. † This means they are hired to provide services that will free a â€Å"trigger puller† to fight, or they provide technical expertise to the force, thereby assisting the force in waging war or enforcing peace (Keefe 2004: 3). Also, by using PMCs America is recruiting personnel quickly and fielding forces for short periods of time without training large portions of the population or having to institute a draft. This is additionally beneficial to a state in the aftermath of war, Avant contends that â€Å"once dangers pass of local forces are trained and deployed, contracts can lapse† (Avant, 2009: 332). One could argue that despite the limited military capacity of the US, the PMC’s make it possible for the government to pursue their plans to invade Iraq in 2003. Technical skilled personnel: The need for PMCs The development of new, sophisticated weapon systems made military personnel more reliant on contractors for technical support. In Iraq PMCs have provided support for the B-2 stealth bomber, the F-117 stealth fighter, Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle, U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, the M-1 tank, the Apache helicopter, and many navy ships (Avant 2009: 329). This new equipment and highly sophisticated weapons systems demand specific training, experience and tools that make it â€Å"virtually impossible† for the American military to maintain modern systems without the use of contracted civilian experts. According to Evans: â€Å"Without contractors, the Army would have to expand significantly to account for the increase in required specialities to repair al weapon systems† (Ibid, 4). Taking this in consideration it is more or less inevitable for the US government to outsource this part of the military to PMCs. In the documentary Iraq for Sale the lack of enough sufficient military infrastructure is also mentioned as the reason for contracting out military responsibilities to PMCs. Hiring PMCs: the role of public opinion Domestic public opinion often has a significant role in determining the extent of a state’s military actions , some would argue that public opinion can constrain a state leader in their decision to go to war or not (O’Keefe 2009: 5). Yet, some of the pressure of public opinion can be alleviated when a state outsources military functions. The public does not equate the death of contractor with that of a national soldier, as contractors are not directly associated with the state’s military (O’Keefe 2009:5). The use of PMCs in the Iraq War allows the state to avoid what is known as the â€Å"body-bag syndrome†, where governments are increasingly pressured by domestic constituents as death tolls mount (Kinsey 2006: 96). In addition to the ability of states to avoid the body-bag syndrome, the way in which media report on the involvement of contracted troops further benefits the state as the public disassociates contractors with soldiers. When the media reports of fallen private soldiers, they are often referred to as contractors, which generates another response of the public than to the death of a national soldier. The next quotation from Thomas Pogue, a former Navy SEAL, who has worked for Blackwater illustrates this point; â€Å"These forces can be employed without a lot of publicity—and that’s a very useful characteristic for any government. It’s politically easier, and there is less red tape We’re expendable. If ten contractors die, it’s not the same as if ten soldiers die. Because people will say that we were in it for the money. And that has a completely different connotation with the American public. (Scahill 2008: 366)†. A compelling example of the efficacy of PMCs helping the state evade public opinion is a comparison between the events of Mogadishu on 4 October 1993 and Fallujah on 31 March 2004. In 1993, rebels shot down an American Black Hawk helicopter in Mogadishu, Somalia. In this attack eighteen American soldiers were killed and some of their bodies were dragged through the streets of Mogadishu. While the death of eighteen American soldiers in Mogadishu eventually resulted in a withdrawal of all American troops in the region – in response to mounting public pressure (Scahill 200: 107), the incident in Fallujah did not have the same result.